Learn About Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature Tutors

Learn About Inorganic Chemistry Nomenclature TutorsIf you are an aspiring chemist, who also happens to be interested in learning about the science of chemistry, you may consider enrolling as an inorganic chemistry nomenclature tutor. The truth is that, not only do you have a chance to become a part of the prestigious profession, but also, you have a great opportunity to make yourself valuable in the industry.With the rising demand for inorganic chemistry teachers, one can hardly find a better opportunity than becoming a chemistry nomenclature tutor. Most students who are interested in enrolling in an accredited school for further education never choose this option. If you have the desire to learn this exciting and influential subject matter, this is your time to shine.Of course, a certain amount of basic science knowledge is needed in order to understand what chemistry is all about. While there are many free online chemistry books available on the internet, the majority of these mate rials are actually computer-based and hence, not necessarily suited for a student's reading and study style.A chemistry nomenclature tutor, on the other hand, has his own knowledge and background. He will be able to teach you the basics and other important elements of the subject matter in a way that you can understand. Hence, this enables you to focus on your studies instead of your hobbies.In addition to the free online chemistry books, the rest of the subjects related to chemistry are also taught through videos and computer-based lessons. This is of tremendous benefit to students who prefer reading and studying rather than sitting at a desk. This allows them to study at their own pace and time.To become an inorganic chemistry nomenclature tutor, you only need to have a degree or diploma from a college or university and a host of other relevant qualifications. Once you have all the required qualifications, you can also apply for a post as a teacher. You may, for example, become a medical professor or a chemistry teacher at a university clinic.On completing your education, you may then qualify for a further course, which would provide you with a degree. The vast majority of colleges and universities offer accelerated programs so that you can finish your studies as soon as possible. Depending on your choice of institutions, you may also find it useful to acquire a degree in teaching and science.

Preparing for Guitar Lessons

Preparing for Guitar Lessons What to Do Before You Get Guitar Lessons ChaptersChoosing Between a Folk Guitar and a Classical GuitarHow to Hold a GuitarHow to Clean a GuitarLearning the Notes on a Guitar Neck“The time I burned my guitar it was like a sacrifice. You sacrifice the things you love. I love my guitar.” - Jimi HendrixYou might feel like you’re at a crossroads when it comes to starting to play the guitar. You need to choose your guitar (acoustic guitar, folk guitar, electro-acoustic guitar, or electric guitar), learn how to hold, play, and maintain it.In 2019, David Gilmour of Pink Floyd auctioned off 126 guitars and raised £16.5 million for charity. His black Stratocaster sold for £3m.Initially valued at £75,000, the instrument bought in May 1970 became the world’s most expensive musical instrument and surpassed the Stradivarius Hammer from 1707 which sold for £2.7m in 2006.  The stars’ guitars are worth their weight in gold.Are you just learning to play a few chords?Here’s what you need to know about playing the guitar! Peter Guitar Teacher £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EdgarGuitar Teacher 5.00 (8) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PaulGuitar Teacher 5.00 (12) £18/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors DanielGuitar Teacher 5.00 (3) £40/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ToddGuitar Teacher 4.75 (4) £35/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors SamueleGuitar Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors KurtGuitar Teacher 5.00 (3) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors RyanGuitar Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsChoosing Between a Folk Guitar and a Classical GuitarTo get started, you’ll need to pick the type of guitar you'll play.Which type of guitar will you play? What’s the difference between a folk guitar and a classical guitar? There are several differences between folk and classical guitars. (Source: Couleur)The answer depends on the type of music that you’ll want to play with it.You can recognise classical guitars from their strings; they’re made of nylon. The three highest-pitched strings are made of nylon while the three lowest strings are made of nylon wrapped in metal. There’s also a difference in terms of the sound box’s size: a classical guitar's soundbox is bigger than that of folk and electro-acoustic guitars.Classical guitars, also known as Spanish guitars, have the strings farther apart, meaning your fingers won’t be as close together when playing. Classical guitars are great for playing classical guitar music and flamenco, for example.On the other hand, a folk guitar is more imposing than a flamenco guitar.  While the soundbox is smaller, it’s bigger overall and has six metallic strings. While this might hurt your fingers at first, you’ll very quickly gain callouses. A folk guitar has 14 frets on the neck and 7 on the body itself whereas there are only 12 on a classical guitar.The different strings will also make a very different sound. These strings are better for playing rock, pop, blues, or jazz music. Of course, there’s also some subjectivity at play here and you’ll need to decide what you like.It’s recommended that you start with a classical guitar as the sound is initially more pleasing and you’ll be able to learn about fingering, strumming, and arpeggios.Nevertheless, the sound of a folk guitar is more percussive; opt for this if you want to play barre chords or sing along with popular styles of contemporary music (blues, pop, rock).How to Hold a GuitarAfter you’ve picked up your guitar, you’ll have to learn how to hold it. One of the first things you should learn is how to hold a guitar. (Source: Pezibear)How can you hold your guitar and play some chords, melodies, or arpeggios?  Classical position, relaxed, sitting, standing, how do you hold a guitar?The first thing you need to know about playing your acoustic or electric guitar is that you need to be relaxed. Playing in the classical position will quickly make you sore if you’re not doing it right.Finding the right position means stabilising your guitar and having it in the right position for both your right and left hands.As a general rule, beginners will learn sitting down.  There are a few benefits to sitting down:You don’t have to support the guitar’s weight as much.You can focus on your dexterity more.You can play chords without stretching as much.Here’s how you should sit down to play the guitar at home when you’re having a private guitar lesson.Sitting DownYou need to learn more than just how to play. You also need to learn how to pl ay properly.There are two main seated positions for guitarists:Classical positionRelaxed positionIn the “classical” position, a right-handed guitar is positioned between the player's legs with the guitar resting on their left leg. The guitar is played with the neck pointing upwards and the guitarist’s back straight.In the relaxed position, the guitar is placed on the right leg with the neck about 45 ° towards the ceiling. This is the position that most novices adopt when learning their first chords.Guitarists using the classical position will rest their left foot on a small stool or footrest in order to slightly elevate it above the other leg. This position frees up notes on the neck, making them easier to access.In the relaxed position, you may want to consider raising your right leg slightly. This will make the neck slightly more accessible but it will make the guitar slightly less stable.Standing PositionMost guitarists performing live will play the guitar whilst standing.  Sometimes they’ll play with just a strap supporting their guitar.That said, there are three main positions for where you wear your guitar:The high position with the guitar above your hips.The intermediate position with the guitar by your hips.The low position with the guitar below your hips.The intermediate position is the most common amongst musicians as it allows you to strum comfortably with a plectrum.  The low position isn’t very natural and the weight of the guitar is free to swing around.How to Clean a GuitarIt’s not enough knowing how to play scales, read tablature, learn music theory, and play whatever song you want... Your fancy soaps won't be any good for cleaning a guitar. (Source: Free-Photos)You also need to keep your guitar in good condition to keep it sounding good.  You can maintain your guitar on a daily basis, change the strings once a month, polish the body, protect the mechanisms, clean the bridge and the nut, etc.  This will ensure that your guitar lasts longer and plays better.It’s a good idea to clean the guitar with a soft cloth before playing.  Store your guitar in a dry place out of sunlight and away from humidity. Humidity and heat can be disastrous for the wood.A quick dusting off with a cloth will keep your guitar in good condition.Cleaning it can get rid of sweat and acid. The latter can cause metal strings to rust.So what do you need to clean your guitar?Here are a few things you can pick up:A cloth.Rubbing alcohol (if your guitar is varnished).Linseed oil to make unfinished wood shine.A tuner for new strings.Wire cutters for cutting new strings.A string winder.A pin remove r for acoustic guitars.Loosen the strings one by one to clean the neck and fretboard.Clean all the nooks and crannies from the fretboard, head, bridge, and machine heads.Then clean the body.After putting the strings back on, the sound should have improved.Learning the Notes on a Guitar NeckPlenty of guitarists haven’t learnt the notes off by heart. Learning what note each fret is will drastically improve your playing. (Source: Free-Photos)Some don’t even know how to read tabs. However, that doesn’t stop them from becoming virtuosos.  Nevertheless, you should know your way around the fretboard as it’ll help you with your playing.Knowing your way around the fretboard will help with improvisation, too, without having to look at chord dictionaries when learning new songs.You need to learn about intervals between notes.  Each fret is a semitone apart which includes sharps and flats as well as naturals.First, learn the notes on the deepest string’s first three frets. We know that the open string is tuned to E which makes the following three frets F, F#, and G.  The third fret is G, the fifth is A, the seventh is B, and the twelfth is E. Thus, you can transpose this to other strings.Here’s a general rule to help you:There are no semitones between E and F and B and C.All the other notes have a semitone between them.Scales are a great way to learn your way around a guitar’s neck.Would you like to learn even more?If you'd like to learn more about how to play the guitar, there are plenty of useful resources online. You can find tablature sites to show you how to play certain songs as well as video tutorials on sites like YouTube. However, if you prefer to be taught how to play, you should consider getting in touch with one of the many talented and experienced guitar tutors on Superprof.There are three types of guitar tutorial available: face-to-face, online, and group. Each of these come with their pros and cons and it's really up to you to choose which one works best with your learning style and your budget.

Types of Tea in Japan

Types of Tea in Japan The Varieties of Tea in the Land of the Rising Sun ChaptersSencha: The Most Common Tea in JapanBancha: Japan’s Second TeaGyokuro: Japanese Luxury TeaMatcha: The Tea Used in the Japanese Tea CeremonyGenmaicha: A Mix of Tea and Roast Popped RiceTamaryokucha: Fruity Japanese TeaOther Types of Japanese Tea“You can never get a cup of tea large enough or a book long enough to suit me.” - C.S. LewisYou’d be surprised at just how much tea is consumed in Japan.4.1 million tonnes of tea are produced yearly and China is the main producer. The Japanese tend to consume everything they make. Only 3% of their production is exported. There are dozens of Japanese tea varieties with the main differences occurring during manufacturing and how they’re consumed.Let’s have a look at the different types of tea in Japan. NanaJapanese Teacher 5.00 (3) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EllyJapanese Teacher 5.00 (1) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MomokoJapanese Teacher £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors Melan ieJapanese Teacher £14/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YukoJapanese Teacher 5.00 (3) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JamesJapanese Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PippaJapanese Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarikoJapanese Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsSencha: The Most Common Tea in JapanSencha is a green tea that accounts for two-thirds of production in Japan. Leaves are steamed for a minute to stop them oxidising during the drying process. It’s hard to come by outside of Japan and most sencha produced is consumed in Japan. If you find tea growing in Japan, it'll probably be sencha. (Source: Pharaoh_EZYPT)It’s green and has a slightly bitter taste. It needs to be infused at 80 ºC minimum. If you want a stronger taste, you can increase the temperature. It only takes between a minute and 90 seconds to infuse.There are different levels of quality and the first harvest tends to be of the highest quality and most sought after. This is known as sencha.Did you know that green tea is a non-oxidised tea?Learn more about attending a Japanese tea ceremony.Bancha: Japan’s Second TeaBancha is a lower-quality tea whose production is very similar to that of sencha. Bancha is from tougher leaves which are usually harvested from the second flush. As a result, it’s cheaper than sencha. Bancha tea is considered to be of a lower quality than sencha. (Source: xegxef)There are several different types of bancha:Hakuta bancha and kyobancha: The leaves are steamed and then sun-dried. This results in large brown leaves.Kageboshi bancha: The entire plant is harvested and then hung out to dry in the shade.Kancha: This is the bancha harvested in winter.Hojicha: The Cheapest Japanese TeaInvented in Kyoto in the 1920s, this is a green tea that comes from bancha, sencha, or kukicha. It’s roasted at 200 ºC before being rapidly cooled. Its leaves take on a red colour and it has caramel flavours.It barely contains any caffeine and can even be given to children despite its strong taste. It’s served in Japanese restaurants and aids digestion.Did you know that differences in tea comes from the manufacturing process and harvest not the plant?Discover what happens in a Japanese tea ceremony.Gyokuro: Japanese Luxury TeaThe gyokuro, literally “jade dew”, is one of the most luxurio us teas in Japan. 20 days before the harvest, the plants (usually yabukita) are put into the shade under a komo to protect them from the sun. The chlorophyll and flavours concentrate in the softest leaves. Afterwards, the process is the same for sencha and bancha tea. The leaves are steamed and then dried. The leaves are then rolled into small pine-coloured needles.The result is a tea that’s less bitter as there’s less catechin. This production method originated 2 centuries ago in the Uji region while nowadays, gyokuro is cultivated near Kyoto, Nagoya, Okabe, and Yame.The tea can be infused at a lower temperate (50-55 ºC) for two minutes maximum or 60 ºC for a minute. It has a very pronounced taste and contains a lot of caffeine. Drink it slowly on account of how strong the taste is. NanaJapanese Teacher 5.00 (3) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors EllyJapanese Teacher 5.00 (1) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MomokoJapanese Teacher £20/h1st lesson free !Discover all our tutors MelanieJapanese Teacher £14/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors YukoJapanese Teacher 5.00 (3) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JamesJapanese Teacher 5.00 (5) £20/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors PippaJapanese Teacher £15/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors MarikoJapanese Teacher £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsMatcha: The Tea Used in the Japanese Tea CeremonyMatcha is made from tencha, which is why you’ll find the two names. The leaves for this tea often come from gyokuro. The unrolled tencha is turned into a powder using a machine that takes up to an hour to make just 50g of matcha. Matcha is the tea used in Japanese tea ceremonies. (Source: naturalogy)Matcha originates in China where the tea was used as a medicine once turned into a powder.  Nowadays, it’s often used in Japanese tea ceremonies (Chanoyu). You don’t need to infuse matcha as you can just pour 85 ºC water over it and whisk it for 30 seconds to create a foam. Matcha is also used in baking.Learn about the history of the Japanese tea ceremony.Genmaicha: A Mix of Tea and Roast Popped RiceGenmaicha is often served in restaurants. This is sencha, bancha, or even gyokuro that’s mixed with puffed rice. In some cases, matcha will be added to create an even more original blend.  There’s a very particular taste and the flavours from the tea mix with the flavours from the rice to create notes of dried and roasted fruit. It’s brewed in water at 80-85 ºC for between 3-5 minutes.Tamaryokucha: Fruity Japanese TeaOther types of green tea use the ancient Chinese method of steaming the leaves just after har vest. Tamaryokucha uses the current Chinese method of drying the leaves out.  The result is a fruity and flowery flavour which is unlike the usual flavours you find in Japanese teas.Other Types of Japanese TeaTea lovers will have a great time in Japan! There are so many varieties of tea that you could spend your entire trip trying them. Forget about flavoured teas like Earl Grey and Darjeeling and enjoy Japanese flavours tea:Aracha: The term means “unrefined”. The production process is the same but omits the sorting process. This tea is sold in bulk where a third party will often charge to sort or process it. Several teas can be made from these leaves.Fukamushicha: This is more a production method than a type of tea. All teas can be fukamushi. The leaves spend between 1 and 2 minutes being steamed. The result is a brittle tea that can dissolve in water.Funmatsucha: This is a process that’s similar to matcha but at a much lower quality.Kabusecha: Much like gyokuro, the leaves a re covered before harvest but only for between 10 and 15 days. The result is a tea that’s halfway between the flavour of gyokuro and sencha. It’s quite a rare variety that only accounts for 4% of Japanese production.Kamairicha: Here the leaves aren’t steamed but rather cooked at 45 ºC.Kocha: From black tea, the leaves are oxidised a lot.Konacha: This is made from the dust after processing gyokuro and sencha. It’s a strong-flavoured tea powder.Kukicha: This is a tea made from stems, stalks, and twigs. It’s refreshing with a nutty and creamy sweet flavour.Mecha: This is made from the early leaf buds.Sanpincha: This is a jasmine tea that’s consumed a lot in Okinawa. Japan has many different types of tea. (Source: chezbeate)The Japanese are also fans of oolong tea that’s harvested in Taiwan and China. It’s a lightly oxidised tea that’s been steamed. Similarly, you can also find pu’er tea which is an affordable dark tea from China.So which Japanese tea will you try?If you'd like to learn the language before you go to Japan or a Japanese tea ceremony, you should get in touch with one of the many talented and experienced private Japanese tutors on Superprof. With three main types of private tutorial available, face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials, there's a solution for every type of learner and budget.Group tutorials are great for those on a budget as the cost of the tutor's time is shared amongst all the students in attendance. While you won't get as much one-on-one time with your tutor in these tutorials, if you and a group of friends are going to Japan and would all like to learn a bit of the language, they're a great option.Face-to-face tutorials tend to be the most effective tutorials because they're tailored to an individual student who'll have the tutor's undivided attention throughout the session. However, with all the extra work the tutor will put into tailoring their tutorials, you can expect to pay more and these types of tutorials are usually the most expensive.Online tutorials are similar to face-to-face tutorials but your tutor won't be in the room with you. Thanks to the internet, you can get Japanese tutorials via webcam. Your tutor might even be in Japan!Before you decide upon your tutor, remember that many of the tutors on Superprof offer free tuition for the first hour. Try a few of them out and see who you get along with, who offers the best tuition, and ask them about their teaching approach, rates, and what you'd like to learn.Personally, when you first start learning a language, you might want to start with the cheaper option of group tutorials and move onto online or fa ce-to-face tutorials once you start to get a better idea of what you want to learn. However, at the end of the day, the choice is yours.

6 Ways to Achieve Career Growth - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / 6 Ways to Achieve Career Growth - Introvert Whisperer 6 Ways to Achieve Career Growth All too often when the discussion about career growth rolls around, most people think in terms of promotion to management. While taking a management position can signify career growth, it isn’t the only possibility. Career growth is really all about your ability to learn new things and apply them. That learning curve, just like going to school, means you increase the depth and complexity of knowledge about your work. It is like the difference between grade school and high school. Career growth is important to us all because as the pesky humans we are, we get bored easily, and boredom is created when there is nothing new to stimulate our thinking. Boredom can easily turn to job dissatisfaction, which should be avoided at all costs. I want to help you accelerate your career. Connect with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€"CLICK HERE Here are some ways to create career growth: 1. Take classesYou may think since you graduated your brain is as full as it needs to be. Wrong. Now that you are in an actual work setting, you will discover many things to enhance how you do your work or to prepare you for the next step. There is a class for everything from computer applications to how to communicate more effectively. 2. Ask for new assignmentsYou might even suggest some tasks that you would like or that are in need of attention. Learning a new task expands your qualifications for doing new jobs. 3. Become an expert  All groups usually have a person who is the definitive expert at something. They spend time learning all they can about that one thing and when you ask them a question â€" they either know the answer or can get it better than any other person. As the “go-to” person your learning continues, because people will seek you out for help in solving the big, complex issues. 4. ReadYou should be reading about your company regarding such things as the business direction, business results, and market strategies. Knowing these things will give you an idea of where you fit. Also, reading is a good way to increase your learning; and just like classes, you can find a book that will apply to all situations and challenges you might be facing. 5. Change jobs  When you change jobs, you go through another learning curve; and that continues to expand your professional knowledge base. You also become more valuable because you’ve expanded your skills. 6. Look for improvements All businesses have more challenges and work than they have man-power to tackle. You can easily look around your own department and find many things you could work on that would help the overall company. You need to ensure that what you are doing still allows you to perform all your assigned responsibilities. Pick out things that will cause you to learn something new in the process. Career growth is primarily about expanding your knowledge and skills. When you are continuously increasing your capabilities, there is usually an offsetting reward of pay and promotion at some point. Even without those financial rewards, you will feel better about yourself and your future. Do you know what your next career step is? Many people don’t. I want to help you accelerate your career by connecting you with your Free Instant Access to my eBook on how to construct your Career SMART Goals â€" that will help you put together your actions and keep you accountable. Get your copy now and start your action plan today: CLICK HERE Brought to you by Dorothy Tannahill-Moran â€" dedicated to unleash your professional potential.

7 Tips for Your Kids As They Go Back To School

7 Tips for Your Kids As They Go Back To School 0SHARESShare Going back to school after holidays is not that pleasant an activity for a kid. Enjoying hours of sleep, leisure and pastimes come to an end and there they are ready with their backpacks to return to school. What are the tips to ensure a safe return of your child to school? Road safety is the foremost factor of concern. Remind your kids of the traffic rules and safe measures of crossing the road Personal safety is the next thing. Instruct your kids not to talk to strangers and complain at once in case of a suspect able adult Next comes the health matter. The child must have got into loose routines like untimely meals and irregular snacks. Bring a pattern of healthy meal and timely food to cope with the school work and time management. Then, you concentrate on the mental health of your child. He may not like to go to a new school or enter the next grade. You approach an  online tutoring  centre and ask them to revive your child’s mind with pleasant aspects of learning to prepare the child   for getting back to school. Next, take care of the school supply essentials. Do everything the previous night to avoid emergencies and embarrassments. One more thing- do pre-plan the homework schedule and study plan of your child. You could have known the weaker areas of your child previously and make arrangements to make for it at the outset itself- suppose the child needs  pre calculus homework help, arrange with an online tutor to motivate the child. Not the least tip- take care of the backpacks of your kids. They worry your children too much, causing aversion towards school going It would be good, if you find options to strengthen your kid’s studies through proper tutoring to avoid future disappointments. Suppose the child is weak in Biology, an  online biology tutor  could make the child understand the pleasantries of Biology and drive away the learning disabilities from the child. [starbox id=admin]

10 Famous Economic Theories

10 Famous Economic Theories What Is An Economic Model? ChaptersThere’s More Than One Economic ModelEach Great Economist Has Their Own Economic TheoryOther Examples Of Economic ModelsFind Out More About Your Favourite Economic TheoryAn economic model seeks to explain our economic reality, for example why markets behave the way they do. What's more,  an economic model seeks to test an assumption or theory about economic behaviour. However, how this is tested depends on the model used.Sam Ouliaris, a senior economist at the IMF Institute, suggests that economists will use either a theoretical economic model or an empirical economic model to test their theories.He argues that whilst a theoretical model will focus on providing qualitative answers and predictions of an individual's behaviour or market behaviour, an empirical model will seek to provide numerical substantiation to such theories. Further, how simple, or indeed complex, a model is, will depend on the economist creating the model, and what aims they are seeking to achieve.The div ision of labour;Free trade; andA laissez-faire economic system, including the belief that markets have a tendency to self-regulate.It is interesting to note that Adam Smith was a most controversial figure in his time.One reason for the derision his writings were often subjected to was the fact that the economic model he proposed was so contrary to the political machine of his day.It just so happened that Adam Smith was alive in a time of great change in his country.He was a mere babe when Scotland signed the Treaty of Union with England, releasing his country of onerous tariffs levied by England and opening lucrative trade routes with the American colonies.Naturally, he was not aware of these events, young as he was but, in his later years, they surely must have played a role in his theorising of economic matters.When he was in his teens â€" now, surely able to grasp the ramifications of events, the Bank of Scotland suffered accusations of being Jacobite sympathisers. In 1727, that bank’s rival received its Royal Charter.The two institutions attempted to drive each other out of business. These ‘bank wars’ ended in 1751 â€" coincidentally, only a few years before our Mr Smith published his Theory of Moral Sentiments.Essentially, the overarching belief of this school was that markets should always move to be in equilibrium. For example, over time, any change to supply should be equalled by a corresponding move in demand.In this work, he alludes to ‘the invisible hand’ in his contemplation of the rich; namely that they are compelled, not by law but by a moral imperative to distribute onto the poor the necessities of life â€" presumably wages and/or goods.Turns out that Mr Smith was an economist by default; his theories were formulated on morality rather than on any fiscal sense. Thus it comes as no surprise that he is considered an Enlightened thinker!My economics teacher London is a classical economist!Laissez-Faire CapitalismThe theory of Laissez-fair e capitalism is closely linked to classical economics as well as thinkers such as Adam Smith.Far from the lackadaisical impression this term suggests, this economic theory rests on five fundamentals:The basic unit of any society is the individualThe natural right to freedom mustn’t be denied to any individualNature herself is a harmonious and self-regulating systemIndividuals must closely watch corporations and other entities of the State because of their inclination to disrupt (the Smithian) spontaneous order.Even today, we find evidence of this economic model. Shareholders have the right to review company balance sheets, for example. Governments also apply this theory by instituting oversight committees and submitting to external audits.The fifth, most important tenet is that markets should always be competitive. Here is where the concept of Laisser Faire runs into trouble!Governments routinely adjust interest rates to stimulate their economies, meet their target inflation rates or add value to their currency.While these practices could be considered manipulation, they are generally accepted as a legitimate means of maintaining an economy.Corporations, on the other hand, are not permitted such tactics.When a company artificially inflates its stock, it shows as more valuable than it actually is on the stock markets, effectively forming an economic bubble with nothing to sustain it.Such pump and dump schemes are illegal and the perpetrators are generally caught... not by individuals, as the Laisser Faire doctrine states but by government overseers.Those that advocate such a system argue that markets are effectively self-regulating and that as a result government interference in economic policy, for example through imposing import or export tariffs, is harmful. As such, to obtain the most benefit for all, capitalism should be free to run its own course.There are different types of economic modelling. (Source: CC BY-SA 3.0, Jarry1250, Wikimedia Commons)Marxism Karl Marx may be better remembered as a philosopher, but it’s equally true that he contributed much to the field of economics.His two major works in economics and economic history were:Title (English)Title (German)First PublishedAuthorsThe Communist ManifestoManifest der Kommunistischen Partei1848Karl Marx and Friedrich EngelsCapitalDas Kapital1867Karl MarxAs many will be aware, Marx was not an advocate of capitalism and saw many faults with the system, including conflict and instability.As divergent as their thinking was, Marx and Smith’s philosophies were grounded in the same plot: economic modelling must be driven by a moral code.Karl Marx believed no one person was any better, more worthy or more deserving than anyone else.That being the case, why should one have riches and the other not? Or, more specifically, why should anyone suffer any lack when there is enough for everyone to have at least basic necessities, education and health care?His philosophies flew in the face of the day’s commonly-held beliefs.Bear in mind that his pronouncements came at a time when everyone who was able was fighting to get rich.After the Revolutions of 1848, when most European monarchies were overthrown, the transition from serfdom to an economic model where people bartered their labour proved far more difficult than anyone had foreseen.Young Marx deplored the idea of people selling their time and abilities for just enough sustenance while those they laboured for essentially took the place of the so recently vacated nobility class.It might seem contrary that Marx had no problem with capitalism as an economic model. Rather, he baulked at the concept of capital; the propensity of workers to become the tools of the business owners.Contrary to thinkers such as Adam Smith, Marx believed that at the heart of capitalism was the history of class struggle itself. In an almost Hegelian-vein, Marx argued that ultimately it would be this struggle that would destroy capitalism and t hat it would drive society towards a new age of communism.Efficient Market HypothesisThe Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) is a theory within the field of financial economics and is often referenced in relation to investments and the stock market.Essentially, EMH proposes that an investor can never “beat the market” because the stock market reflects all possible available information. Although this theory is commonly referenced and used, it has been the subject of fierce debate and criticism, with detractors arguing, for example, that figures such as Warren Buffett have been able to consistently beat the market for decades.The Efficient Market Hypothesis supposes that all checks and balances are in place and working, that every entity is absolutely honest and that market fluctuations are always predictable.Essentially, it is an effective way of embracing Laisser Faire economics and the ‘Invisible Hand’ postulate; a combination which would naturally foster fair trade.Because these economic fundamentals are in place and working well, no entity â€" investor or business would be able to play the market  to their advantage.Were it not for the human factor, this would be a lovely, compact economic theory.Let’s examine the effects of international policy in America on world financial markets, just for illustration purposes.Information bias, the propensity to seek more information about a situation even though it has no direct impact on any action, is an example of cognitive bias that affects the economy.Will my earnings be safe? Will other countries want to buy my products?Will investors continue to support my venture in good faith even though it seems that this government intends to disturb the equilibrium we’ve so far enjoyed?Even after absorbing all the possible information about the situation, these entities resort to their own, perhaps irrational thinking about it. Past practice shows they would likely shed more volatile stocks in favour of buying gr owth stocks, often at a higher rate.This trend has a dual effect on the economy.For one, it reduces the value of the riskier stocks and compels investors to bypass them.On the other hand, others would profit by buying those neglected stocks at a reduced rate as well as from the over-reaction of those selling growth stocks.That would be the Buffett formula, in case you were wondering.Each Great Economist Has Their Own Economic TheoryAs we mentioned above, there is a wide range of economic theories in existence. However, if you want to study the most influential or widely-supported economic theories, try reading the key theories of major economists.The Invisible HandAdam Smith, an 18th-century philosopher, is a pivotal figure in economics and has been associated with the classical school of economics.One of Smith’s most famous concepts was that of the “invisible hand,” which he describes in his work The Wealth of Nations. Illustrative of a free market economy, Smith argued that there was an invisible hand that guided the economy towards balance and equilibrium, despite the self-interest of individuals.Adam Smith's economic model has been hugely influential. (Source: CC BY-SA 3.0, Guinnog, Wikimedia Commons)Keynesian EconomicsJohn Maynard Keynes is one of the most famous figures in economics, largely due to the wide influence that his theories had on global markets in the 20th century.The key tenet of Keynesian economics was the idea that the government should involve itself in the running of a capitalist economy.Specifically, Keynes argued that governments should spend more during times of economic downturn in order to stabilise the economy and raise demand for goods and services. This, in turn, should help the economy to grow.As with all of these economic philosophies, we have to look at what was happening in the world and with various economies, to get a real sense of what, exactly, the economist intended by his model.There is little argument among econo mists today that America’s Great Depression was caused by that country’s central bank, The Fed, not taking action in the face of the banking crisis.Actions that might have averted the monumental economic collapse include lowering interest rates and regulating banks.Prior to the Great Depression, banks in the US were largely unregulated; they had the power to print money to meet all of their fiscal obligations. The Fed made no corresponding moves, leading to a disparity of worth between the two systems.The ensuing monetary contraction led to panic, causing people to rush to banks and withdraw all of their funds.That is if funds were available for withdrawal.The Keynesian model revolves around the idea that, if the central bank had oversight and control of local banks, the depression could have been avoided.In times of slowing economy, the government must run deficits in order to keep people employed because private sector businesses cannot be counted on to invest enough in produc tion to keep the economy afloat.Such deficits may include lowering taxes and increasing government spending (which would represent a deficit in their budget).Although he is not without his critics, as his ideas marked a step away from Laissez Faire policies espoused by the likes of Adam Smith, there is no denying the influence Keynes’ theories have had.Friedman MonetarismMilton Friedman, a U.S. economist, was, in contrast to Keynes, an advocate for the free market, and has been closely associated with the theory of monetarism.The Keynesian model advocated for the government manipulating the economy through fluctuating tax rates and varying government spending to suit the times.Monetarism, on the other hand, advocates for the government controlling how much money is in circulation but taking no action.In other words: the government should focus solely on maintaining sustainable rates of economic ability.Believing that manipulation of money’s growth rate or, indeed, the supply of money itself would destabilise the economy, Friedman proposed a fixed money rule, whereby the supply of money would be increased by a set percentage each year.Friedman believed in keeping wages and prices flexible as part of a Laissez Faire economy. In particular, the theory of monetarism argues that the amount of money in supply within an economy should be kept constant, with just enough room to grow naturally.As such, in contrast to Keynes, the concept of monetarism goes against proposals or suggestions for excessive government intervention or regulation.The monetarist economic theory calls for the government to keep their hands off of your money! Source: Pixabay Credit: JarmolukOther Examples Of Economic ModelsNew economic theories and models are developing all the time, and there have been major contributions to new economic fields, such as behavioural economics, over the past fifty years or so. We outline some of the more recent economic theories that any economics student or u niversity graduate should know about below.Asymmetric InformationThe concept of asymmetric information was brought to prominence by three economists:George Akerlof;Michael Spence; andJoseph Stiglitz.The argument is that, in a transaction, often one party (usually the seller) has access to more information and knowledge than the other party (usually the purchaser).Information asymmetry is not solely an economic problem: military leaders constantly miscalculate their prospects of victory â€" a classic case of information asymmetry.We see examples of unequal equations everywhere today: we don’t really know if North Korea is continuing to operate their nuclear facilities, whether the forces of ISIS really are decimated or how the European Union will trade with us post-Brexit â€" no matter what they say.In a perfect world, such negotiations would function like a chess game: all the pieces on the board and all of the possible moves obvious to anyone who studies the pieces.The implicatio n of this theory is that, contrary to some economic models that assume perfect information symmetry, markets do not, in fact, operate in this manner, and that the existence of asymmetric information can lead to “adverse selection.”Prospect TheoryDaniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky were the minds behind prospect theory. The theory posits that individuals, contrary to the assumptions in most economic models, are not always fully rational decision makers.Kahneman and Tversky used their research to argue that individuals value gains and losses differently, with greater emphasis placed on possible gains than possible losses. For this reason, this theory has also been described as the “loss aversion” theory.As a result, Kahneman and Tversky argue that some of our decisions are based more on emotion and our memories than logic. This theory falls within the field of behavioural economics and can be used to illustrate why people sometimes follow less than logical behaviours in financial markets.Game TheoryGame theory has wide-reaching applications, from  psychology to politics and  biology to  business.Naturally, it has also been welcomed within the area of economics. Essentially, the theory studies human conflict and co-operation in times of competition, and the strategies that individuals adopt as a result.You could say that Game Theory as applied to economics underscores the principles of classical economics:Division of labour: ‘players’ help each other outFree trade: participants assign their own values for bartering.Laisser-Faire: the game’s outcome would be self-regulatingThe Invisible Hand component refers to every game participant’s common sense of fair play and equanimity.Game theory has helped to address some issues that could not be explained by other schools of economic thought. For example, game theory helps to explain the concept of imperfect competition, which not all economic models allow for.One of the first pioneers of the field was John von Neumann, although there have been many other contributors, such as John Nash, who developed the Nash Equilibrium.Game theory is becoming an increasingly popular economic theory. (Source: CC BY-SA 2.0, brewbooks, Wikimedia Commons)Find Out More About Your Favourite Economic TheoryAlthough there are a number of economic theories and models out there, it’s worthwhile spending some time familiarising yourself with the most famous economic models. You can do so by reading books on the subject. This is for a variety of reasons, not least because:You can learn more about a particular school of economic thought;You can develop your understanding of a major economic thinker â€" from Keynes to Friedman; andYou can help improve your knowledge of your course or university curriculum.The best way to learn about particular economic models is to read the relevant works by their proponents, for example, The Wealth of Nations or Das Kapital, but if you need any extra help understanding key eco nomic theories you could also turn to a tutor for help, especially if you don't have the time to read every major economic text in detail.If you decide that an Economics tutor would be the best way to help you learn more about these important economic theories, then you could look for your A Level Economics tutor on an online tutoring site. Sites such as Superprof have a range of economics tutors who are very familiar with all the major economic theories listed above, and they would be happy to help you deepen your knowledge of these models.Superprof has economic tutors online!If you'd like to read up on the financial crisis of 2008, click here.

Decoding the Office Dress Codes - Introvert Whisperer

Introvert Whisperer / Decoding the Office Dress Codes - Introvert Whisperer Decoding the Office Dress Codes Does the phrase “business casual” fill you with confusion and dread? Deciding what to wear for an interview or a day at work has become increasingly more complicated. As office environments continue to evolve and cultural standards of attire changes, the question of what to wear to work becomes more daunting. With the continued rise of creative work environments and trendy office spaces, what is acceptable to wear continues to blur. Often, you no longer need to wear a suit to be considered a high level professional. Recently, many businesses have faced challenges when enforcing various dress codes resulting in a controversial press for attempting to enforce a dress code that is viewed as not only old fashioned but even discriminatory. Regardless, the age old saying, to dress for success is a reality. We all agree that our image weighs importantly with our professional perception of ourselves and others. T.M Lewin, a dapper British heritage brand recently shared a useful guide on what to wear at work. Included are different categories; Business Formal, Business Professional, Business Casual, Small Business Casual and Creative. The tips provided are relevant and useful for professionals far and wide. Whether youre beginning your professional journey, interviewing, or already a dedicated professional ask no more, what will I wear? Always remember this information is subjective be sure to check what your employer (or soon to be the employer) warrants as acceptable before you revamp your entire wardrobe. Take note of what others are wearing around the office and try to match your style seamlessly.